CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
      There is a clear distinction in Canada between the head of state—the Sovereign—and the head of government—the Prime Minister, who actually directs the governing of the country.
      The Sovereign is represented in Canada by the Governor General, who is appointed by the Sovereign on the advice of the Prime Minister, usually for five years. In each of the ten provinces, the Sovereign is represented by the       Lieutenant Governor, who is appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister, also normally for five years.
      The interplay between the three branches of government—the Executive, Legislative and Judicial—which work together but also sometimes in creative tension, helps to secure the rights and freedoms of Canadians.
      Each provincial and territorial government has an elected legislature where provincial and territorial laws are passed. The members of the legislature are called members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), members of the National Assembly (MNAs), members of the Provincial Parliament (MPPs) or members of the House of Assembly (MHAs), depending on the province or territory.
      In each province, the Premier has a role similar to that of the Prime Minister in the federal government, just as the Lieutenant Governor has a role similar to that of the Governor General. In the three territories, the Commissioner represents the federal government and plays a ceremonial role.

      distinction = difference 分別；區別
      head of state 國家元首
      head of government 政府首長
      direct = manage and control 管理；統管
      govern 管治
      Sovereign = a monarch (king or queen) 君主
      Governor General = the Queen's representative in Canada 總督（女王在加拿大的代表）
      appoint = give someone a position or duty 委任
      Lieutenant Governor = the Queen's representative in a province 省督（女王在省的代表；留意 Lieutenant 的發音）
      normally = usually 通常
      interplay = the ways two or more groups affect each other 相互影响
      Executive 行政
      Legislative 立法
      Judicial 司法
      tension = a situation in which people or groups disagree with each other 人際或團体之間的緊張關系
      secure = (verb) protect（作動詞用）保障
      legislature = a group of people (officials) responsible for making or changing laws 立法會；立法組織
      You use depending on when you want to say that the result is determined or decided by something. Example:       Members of the legislature are called MLAs, MPPs, or MHAs, depending on the province. 因應各省而定，立法机构的成員被稱為 MLAs, MPPs 或 MHAs.
      Premier = head of a provincial government 省長
      role = the part one plays in a situation 角色
      similar = almost the same 類似
      ceremonial from the word ceremony 儀式

      君主立憲制
      國家元首（即君主）與政府首長有明顯區別，政府的首長是總理，是國家施政的實際主導者。
      君主在加拿大的代表是總督，總督是由總理推薦，然後由君主委任，一般任期為五年。君主在各省份的代表是省督，省督是由總理推薦，然後由總督委任，一般任期也是五年。政府施政由三個機構（即行政、立法和司法）相互影響而運行，時而共同合作，但有時亦互相制衡，確保加拿大人自由和權利得到保障。各省及各區政府有民選的立法機構來通過該省或區域的法例。因應不同省份或區域，立法機構的成員被稱為MLAs、MNAs、MPPs或MHAs。
      每個省份省長的角色類似聯邦政府的總理，而省督則類似總督。在三個特區，專員代表聯邦政府擔任一個禮節上的角色。

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